Reflect on the inspirational speech by Dean Furness

 We must believe ourselves. We should not compare ourselves with another person, because some person may be good at something. When we compare ourselves with another person, we may think that we could not do it. If you want to do something, firstly you have to do that. if you fail in the first attempt, You have to review your weak point and then you should overcome that weak point by practicing little by little. 

You should not worry about what you don't have. if you compare yourself with another person, you may think that I don't have this, or I could not do this. you have to think about what you have and you have to add something little by little to your life.

if we think about the person who is in this story, He has met an accident. some of his bone was broken by this accident. Then he was not able to stand, or walk like a normal man. He had to use a wheelchair. As a suggestion of his physical therapist, He was entered to marathon in a wheelchair. He studied about it on the internet. He said that he was really careful not to compare with how accomplished those people on the internet were and how fast they were.

if he compared himself with players that were already in that sport, He would never enter this sport. if we like to do something, we should not compare ourselves with others who are doing the same thing.  We only have to start that thing and improve little by little.

 Algorithms in programming

 In computer programming, the algorithm is describing a computer program step by step. Before we create a computer program, we create an algorithm to get an idea about that computer program. if any problem is in that algorithm, we can correct it before we create our computer program. we use a programming language to create computer programs. but we don't need any special language to create an algorithm. We can use simple English for that. 

There are some important characteristics in algorithms. 

1. Well-ordered.
2. Has unambiguous operations.
3. Produces a result.
4. Halts in a finite amount of time.
5. Have effectively computable operations. 

        We can use some types to make algorithms. those are as follows. 

1. Normal English 
2. Structured English 

       The above two methods are also known as informal methods of algorithms.

3. Pseudo Code
4. Flow charts 

        The above two methods are also known as formal methods of algorithms.

     Let's Look at some examples of algorithms. 

    

for example, I will show you how to make an algorithm for adding two numbers & show output on a paper by each type of algorithms 

          Normal English

• first of all, get two numbers. 
• then you have to add the value of both numbers into one.
• after that print value on paper.

        Structured English

• Get two numbers 
• Add two numbers into one
• Print value on paper.

        Pseudo Code

1. Start
2. Declare value1, value2, sumof_two_value,
3. Get values for value1 & value2
4. Get sum of value1 & value2 
5. Assign sum into sumof_two_value
6. Print sumof_two_value
7. Stop

        Flow Chart

Word Class in English

 Word Classes

This Word Classes Are Consisted with 9 parts. They are as Follows.

1. Nouns 
2. Adjective
3. Verbs
4. Adverbs
5. Pronouns
6. Preposition
7. Determiners
8. Conjunctions
9. Interjections

also we can separate this word classes into two major categories. 

Open Class - This Contains the Following Items. This Will Update Frequently. so they are called as an open class.

1. Nouns 
2. Adjective
3. Verbs
4. Adverbs

Close Class - This Contains the Following Items. The Items in this class are not Changing or Updating Frequently. so they are called as Close Class. 

1. Pronouns 
2. Preposition
3. Determiners
4. Conjunctions
5. Interjections

 Nouns

The noun is a Naming Word for 

1. a Person
2. an Animal
3. a Thing
4. a Place

Eg:-  Boy, Elephant, Television, Computer, Village, Colombo, etc.

You can identify Nouns by Nouns Suffixes. 

Nouns Suffixes

• er/ or   ..................................... Doctor / Teacher
• ist  ........................................... Pharmacist
• ity ............................................ Electricity
• ance/ence  .............. Maintenance/Independence
• ure ............................................ Picture
• ment.......................................... Employment 
• acy ............................................ Pharmacy
• hood ......................................... Childhood
• ness ........................................... Kindness
• ion............................................... Union 

Types of Nouns

• Singular & Plural Nouns
• Common & Proper Nouns
• Concrete & Abstract Nouns
• Countable & Uncountable Nouns
• Compound Nouns
• Collective Nouns

Singular & Plural Nouns

A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea, while a plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea. There are few ways to make singular nouns into plural nouns.

Add "S" to the end of singular Noun

1. Boat --- Boats
2. Book  -- Books
3. Pen    -- Pens

Add "es" to the end of singular noun if noun end with s/ss/sh/ch/x/o

1. Bus -- Buses
2. Class -- Classes
3. Brush -- Brushes
4. Branch -- Branches
5. Box  ---- Boxes
6. Cargo -- Cargoes

if noun end with y & y proceeded with a consonant, remove y & Add "ies"

1. Baby -- Babies
2. Puppy -- Puppies

if noun end with y & y proceeded with a vowel,  add "s" to end of noun

1. Monkey -- Monkeys
2. Donkey  -- Donkeys
3. Day ---- Days

if noun ends with f/fe, remove f/fe & add "ves" to end of noun

1. Life --- Lives
2. Wife --- Wives
3. Loaf -- Loaves
4. Leaf --- Leaves
5. Knife  -- Knives

Irregular Nouns  -- noun that has not a pattern to make plural noun

1. Mouse --- Mice
2. Child  --- Children
3. Tooth  --- Teeth
4. Man  ---- Men
5. Woman  --- Women

Next Lesson

Types of Nouns-02

 

Types of Nouns

• Singular & Plural Nouns
• Common & Proper Nouns
• Concrete & Abstract Nouns
• Countable & Uncountable Nouns
• Compound Nouns
• Collective Nouns

Common & Proper Nouns

common noun is the generic name for a person, place, or thing in a class or group.

Proper Nouns are the Names for specific Person, animal, Place, thing or idea.

       Common Noun                                                               Proper Noun

• Country                                               Sri Lanka, Japan
• Boy                                                      Laksara, Daminda
• River                                                   Kalani, Kalu
• Animal                                                 Dog , Cat

Concrete & Abstract Nouns

Concrete Nouns Have Physical Existence & They can be Seen or Touched.

Eg: Book, Pen, Pencil, Phone, Computer

Abstract nouns cannot be seen or touched.

Eg: Hate, Love, Frequency, Charity

Countable & Uncountable Nouns

any noun that can be counted is a countable noun.

1. a Girl
2. a Computer
3. a Mobile Phone     

any noun that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun.

1. Bread
2. Sugar
3. Water
4. Milk

We can change these uncountable nouns into unit noun

1. a loaf of bread --- two loaves of bread
2. a bottle of water --- two bottles of water
3. a glass of milk    ----- two Glasses of Milk
4. a kilo of sugar ---- five kilos of sugar

Compound Nouns

Compound Nouns are made by combining nouns with other word classes.

1) Noun + Noun

• Computer + Table  >> Computer Table
• Pencil + Case           >> Pencil Case

2) Noun + Gerund

• Apple + Picking       >> Apple Picking
• Letter + Writing      >> Letter Writing

3) Gerund + Noun

• Swiming + Pool            >> Swiming Pool
• Washing + Machine    >> Washing Machine

4) Adjective + Noun

• Full + Moon  >> Full Moon
• Black + Board >> Black Board

Collective Nouns

A collective noun is a word used to represent a group of people, animals, or things

• a Gang of Robbers
• a Class of Student
• a Herd of Cattle